Vitamin E Deficiency, Benefits & The Best Food Sources

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Vitamin E Deficiency, Benefits & Food Sources: The Complete Guide | The Healthy RD
Supplement Guide · Part 2 of 2

Millions of Americans are deficient in vitamin E without knowing it. Learn the symptoms, the remarkable benefits, and exactly how to get all 8 forms from your diet.

By Heidi Moretti, MS, RD · The Healthy RD
← This is Part 2. Start with Part 1: Best Vitamin E Capsules & Types if you haven’t already.

Vitamin E Deficiency Is More Common Than You Think

90%
of men and women fail to get enough vitamin E from diet alone
1 in 3
adults with diabetes or metabolic syndrome have vitamin E deficiency
33%
of obese and overweight adults have undiagnosed vitamin E deficiency

This data comes from large population surveys in the United States and is likely an accurate representation of the problem. Previous studies had a major flaw: they measured blood levels, which are very inaccurate. More accurate research using labeled vitamin E and elimination rates confirms that deficiency is widespread.

Overweight people likely need more vitamin E because they have more fat tissue that is easily oxidized or damaged. Vitamin E helps reduce this damage, but requirements go up with more volume and weight of fat.

Tip: If you suspect you have a vitamin E deficiency, you can supplement a moderate dose of supplemental vitamin E as mixed tocopherols and tocotrienols in capsule form. See Part 1 for our top supplement picks.

Symptoms of Vitamin E Deficiency

Vitamin E deficiency can take years to set in, so symptoms can be challenging to identify. According to the research journal Advances in Nutrition, symptoms can include:

  • Muscle weakness
  • Muscle pain and aches
  • Vision impairment
  • Neuropathy
  • Illness or malaise
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Hormonal changes (hot flashes)
  • Low energy and decreased well-being

Who Is Most at Risk?

Diseases that increase the risk of vitamin E deficiency include digestive disorders, cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis, gallbladder disease, genetic conditions, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. You can read more about how digestive health affects nutrient absorption in our post on ox bile benefits and fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

Drugs that rob the body of vitamin E include cholesterol medications, laxatives, and antibiotics.

Important: If you suffer from a chronic health condition or take some types of common medications, your odds of vitamin E deficiency are high. Discuss supplementation with your healthcare provider.

The Remarkable Benefits of Vitamin E

All 8 types of vitamin E share a common role: reducing oxidation damage in the body — like preventing rust on metal. But they also each have unique and important roles.

🫀

Heart Health

Natural vitamin E may protect against cardiovascular disease. Foods rich in vitamin E are consistently linked to reduced cardiovascular risk. Tocotrienols may improve cholesterol, reduce arterial lesions, and normalize blood pressure. Learn more about vitamins for heart health.

🧠

Brain Protection

Antioxidants in the vitamin E family protect brain function. Tocotrienols may promote new artery formation after a stroke and prevent cognitive decline.

👁

Eye Health

Vitamin E may reduce eye damage from the oxidative effects of diabetes, heart disease, and cataracts, and may reduce age-related macular degeneration.

🦴

Bone Health

Tocotrienols likely improve the structure and quality of bone tissue and may prevent bone loss by reducing inflammatory compounds.

🩺

Diabetes & Insulin

Tocotrienols may improve insulin sensitivity, lower blood glucose, and improve diabetes symptoms — important given that 1 in 3 diabetics is vitamin E deficient.

🌿

Gene Regulation

Natural vitamin E helps regulate genes and, by doing so, is able to help control abnormal cell growth. This is one reason a balanced vitamin E intake is so important.

The Special Benefits of Tocotrienols

Most supplements contain only vitamin E tocopherols. However, we need tocotrienols as well for ideal health. Tocotrienols have a unique molecular structure that makes them more flexible than tocopherols and allows easier entry through cell membranes.

Tocotrienols & Cancer

Tocotrienols are likely more potent than alpha-tocopherol in reducing cancer risk. The antioxidants in the tocotrienol family show potential to increase cancer cell death, starve tumors of nutrients, reduce tumor spread, reduce cancer initiation, and improve response to chemotherapy drugs.

Prostate cancer risk may be reduced by vitamin E, but only when both alpha and gamma-tocopherol levels are high. In animal studies with pancreatic cancer, 70% of those taking delta-tocotrienols survived versus only 10% in the control group — a promising but early finding that needs more research.

Tocotrienols & Skin Health

Both topical vitamin E and vitamin E capsules may benefit conditions including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, scleroderma, autoimmune skin conditions, and hair loss. This connects to deeper skin-gut relationships — explore our post on Leaky Gut and Eczema Connections to learn how gut health influences skin conditions.

Tip: If you struggle with skin conditions, supplemental vitamin E and topical vitamin E might be worth trying. The connection between gut health, nutrient absorption, and skin is explored further in our comprehensive leaky gut diet guide.

Best Food Sources of All 8 Types of Vitamin E

Foods that are rich in vitamin E vary a lot depending on the type. Here’s a breakdown of each form and its best sources:

Alpha-Tocopherol (per 100g)

Wheat germ
149 mg
Peanut butter
47 mg
Chili powder
38 mg
Sunflower seeds
36 mg
Almonds
26 mg
Hazelnuts
18 mg

Gamma-Tocopherol (per 100g)

Pumpkin seeds
35 mg
Flaxseed oil
33 mg
Walnuts
28 mg
Pecans
24 mg
Pistachios
22 mg

Alpha-Tocotrienol (per 100g)

Palm oil
205 mg/L
Paprika
4 mg
Chili powder
3 mg
Wasabi
3 mg

Gamma-Tocotrienol (per 100g) — The Most Powerful Antioxidant Form

Annatto seeds ⭐
140 mg
Palm oil
36 mg
Rice bran
23 mg
Barley
19 mg
Wheat germ
2 mg
Annatto: By far the richest source of gamma-tocotrienol! Annatto is used in southern Mexican and Latin American cuisine and has a delicious citrus-type flavor. It can be found online. Spice up your foods and add annatto and zero-deforestation palm oils to your diet to get more natural tocotrienols.
Environmental note: Palm oil is the best source of many tocotrienols, but is linked to deforestation. Always look for certified zero-deforestation palm oils when shopping.

How to Get Enough Vitamin E: The Bottom Line

The best way to get vitamin E is to focus on daily food sources rich in various kinds of vitamin E. However, as outlined above, most people are low in vitamin E and may benefit from supplementation. See our Part 1 guide on the best vitamin E capsules for specific supplement recommendations.

Some people are concerned that taking natural tocopherols and tocotrienols together may compete with one another. However, foods contain a natural mix of both, so there is no real cause for concern. As with all nutrients, vitamin E works better when you have a balance of all nutrients — especially vitamin C, D, and K, plus an antioxidant-rich diet. Learn more about synergistic fat-soluble vitamins in our post on vitamin K2 for heart health.

Key Takeaways: Vitamin E Done Right

  • Avoid synthetic vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol or dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate) in all forms.
  • Always choose a supplement with a blend of natural tocopherols and tocotrienols.
  • At least 90% of people fail to get adequate vitamin E from diet alone.
  • Tocotrienols — especially from annatto and palm oil — are the most powerful antioxidant form.
  • Vitamin E works best alongside vitamin C, D, K, and an antioxidant-rich diet.
  • Avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially on blood-thinning medications.
  • Always check with your healthcare provider before adding new supplements.
Medical Disclaimer: The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body and is shared for educational purposes only. Consult your doctor or healthcare provider before making changes to your supplement regimen or lifestyle. Certain metabolic conditions or digestive surgeries may make it so you require high doses of vitamin E.

© The Healthy RD · Heidi Moretti, MS, RD · thehealthyrd.com

This post is for educational purposes only. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement.

author avatar
Heidi Moretti, MS, RD, CLT
Heidi Moretti, MS, RD, CLT is The Healthy RD.  A registered dietitian for 25 years as well as a book author of the new bestselling book Cortisol Fix,  Period Fix and Gut Fix and The Whole Body Guide to Gut Health, Heidi has a passion for functional nutrition and natural medicine.  She has researched supplements and natural medicine throughout her career.  One of her biggest loves is helping people gain function and vitality by tackling the root causes of illness.

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